Master this deck with 21 terms through effective study methods.
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A catalyst lowers the activation energy required for a chemical reaction to occur, thereby increasing the reaction rate without being consumed in the process.
Chemical reactions change substances into different substances by breaking and forming chemical bonds, resulting in the rearrangement of atoms.
An acid typically has a pH less than 7, indicating a higher concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) compared to hydroxide ions (OH-).
An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical means, consisting of only one type of atom.
An ionic bond is formed when one atom donates an electron to another atom, resulting in the attraction between positively and negatively charged ions.
There are 20 different kinds of amino acids that are used to build proteins in living organisms.
Van der Waals forces are weak attractive forces between molecules that arise from temporary dipoles created when electron distributions are uneven.
The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution; a pH less than 7 indicates an acid, while a pH greater than 7 indicates a base.
The three basic structures of carbon-based molecules are straight chains, branched chains, and ring structures.
The most basic building block of matter is the atom, which consists of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
An organic molecule is characterized by the presence of carbon atoms, often bonded to hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other elements.
The shape of an enzyme is crucial for its function; any alteration in shape can affect its ability to bind to substrates and catalyze reactions.
An enzyme binds to substrates to facilitate and accelerate a chemical reaction, lowering the activation energy required.
An ion is an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons, resulting in a net electrical charge.
Amino acids are distinguished by their R groups, which vary in structure and properties, influencing the characteristics of the proteins they form.
Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
Proteins are macromolecules made up of long chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
Bond energy is the amount of energy required to break a chemical bond between atoms, reflecting the strength of the bond.
A polymer of glucose, known as a polysaccharide, includes starch and cellulose, which are long chains of glucose units.
Activation energy is the minimum energy required to initiate a chemical reaction; it is important because it determines the rate at which reactions occur.
The pH scale is significant in biological systems as it affects enzyme activity, metabolic processes, and the overall homeostasis of organisms.