bible exam 12-15-22

    Master this deck with 126 terms through effective study methods.

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    Created by @pbj520

    how many Herods are mentioned in the new testament?

    6

    what did Herod the Great's building projects demonstrate?

    he desired to leave a legacy upon the earth through his reign and building projects; his legacy is left for man to observe today

    does josephus offer a lot of valuable information about Jesus?

    he has good information about the events leading up to Christ - however we can only be sure of the details that coincide with Scripture

    what is the year of Christ's death?

    30 ad

    how is divine authorship best described?

    inspiration

    what is the greek translation of the OT called?

    Septuagint

    why did the Pharisees believe the oral law was necessary?

    they believed in the strict in interpretation of the Mosaic law and that this law was a living code that needed constant interpretation; it was what they believed to be an inspired law

    the Sadducees denied the resurrection of the dead and followed only what OT books?

    the books of the Law

    when were the synagogues developed?

    the Pharisees originated in the 2nd or 3rd centuries and they were closely connected the synagogue

    which books were written between 200 bc and 100 ad

    literally all the NT books

    which country defeated Judah and took them captive in 605, 597, and 586 bc?

    Babylon - in 586 it brought the end to Judah's monarchy and the destruction of the temple, they were in captivity til 536 bc

    who was the Roman procurator during Christ's trial and crucifixion?

    Pontius Pilate

    what jewish position was given tremendous authority both civil and religious during the intertestamental period?

    high priests

    which apostles provided Mark with the information to write his gospel?

    Peter

    what ethnicity was Herod the Great

    he was Idumean - called by Josephus as "half-Jew"

    what are the criteria for determining whether a book belonged to the NT canon?

    apostolic authorship or close association with an apostle; conformity to practice or doctrine; universal church acceptance

    what is the order of the major empires (not including the Maccabees) leading up to Christ's birth?

    Medo-Persians (very tolerant, Jerusalem became a city-state); Greeks (hellenization, Ptolemies and Seleucids); Rome (Israel was a part of the Roman provinces called Syria)

    what is the time period in which the NT message was transmitted orally?

    the time between the NT and when it was actually completely gathered together

    what group of Jewish religious leaders were most likely to embrace Hellenization?

    the Sadducees

    what is text-based interpretation?

    the text is an artifact which has independent meaning of what the author intended; problem with this is that the author had to have meant something in order for them to have written it down

    what is reader-based interpretation?

    the meaning of a text cannot be adequately communicated from one speaker to another; all communication is time and culture bound; this occurs in preaching where the text is not central; embracing a reader-centered hermeneutic destroys meaning; "For if the meaning of a text is not the author's then no interpretation can possibly correspond to the meaning of text, since the text can have no determinate meaning"

    what is author-based interpretation?

    the natural way to read any text; the author had meaning when they wrote

    what does it mean that we draw out "implications" in Scripture?

    meaning is not from the reader, but application is; though meaning never changes, application is constantly being interpreted by the reader to fit their own context; expand the principles

    if we want to read the text to the best of our ability, what kind of presuppositions should we have?

    the Bible has no errors, God is speaking to me in His Word, All Scripture is given to me by God, the Scripture is about God's plan of salvation for man, I have a sin nature, God has created all people equal, no one deserves salvation, etc.; they can help but they can also hinder our understanding

    why should we study hermeneutics according to our notes?

    it's unavoidable; the Holy Spirit doesn't do the entire work of interpretation for us; the 'obvious' meaning of a text is sometimes hidden behind cultural, historical, or linguistic barriers; we might be cognizant of our interpretive methods in order to strengthen it by conscious awareness; because God has made us keepers of the revelation of God; because application must be carefully balanced with study

    what is hermeneutics?

    the art and science of interpretation; there are particular rules that must be followed if we are to understand Scripture correctly; general pertains to every type of literature, specific focuses on literary styles (genres) of Scripture

    what are the three steps of hermeneutics according to our notes?

    1. Preparation (nature of Scripture and personal preparation) 2. Observation and Interpretation (historical and literary context, word study, testing interpretation) 3. Application (principles and problems of applications - most difficult and has the most problems)

    is each individual book of the canon authoritative or is the collection of books authoritative?

    "The canon is a collection of authoritative books, not an authoritative collection of books.";

    what time period did historical criticism arise (what is the name of this time period)?

    17th century

    what are the names of the four gospel books?

    Matthew, Mark, Luke, John

    what district was Jerusalem located in?

    Syria

    what is the favorite teaching device of Christ?

    Parables - 1/3 of Jesus' teaching is in parables

    the gospels are best described as what?

    brief accounts of the life of Christ: they're not intended to be exclusive, they're not necessarily chronological

    what kind of study tool is designed to be comprehensive, dealing with history, culture, and literary context?

    Bible dictionary - they cover history, geography/topography, culture, doctrine, person and place names

    what kind of study tool is used to find an exhaustive list of times a particular word is used in the Bible?

    concordance

    what kind of study tool provides an outline and a quick survey of important matters before each book of the Bible?

    Study Bible

    how many meanings does a word have in given context?

    one

    are the events of the gospels written in chronological order?

    not necessarily

    Strong's is the most famous type of what kind of Bible tool?

    concordance - lists every word that occurs in the Bible, lists every use of a word regardless of whether it has multiple Greek or Hebrew words underlying the translation

    what are the benefits of commentaries according to our notes?

    good for context (cultural), linguistic (greek/hebrew), general information/basic understanding

    in the early church, rejecting the full humanity of Jesus was considered as what (was it heretical or acceptable)?

    it was acceptable but was declared heretical by the Nicene Creed and Chalcedonian Creed

    what kind of parable is the "good samaritan"?

    story parable

    what is the difference between emotional and intellectual meanings of words?

    intellectual meaning is the dictionary definition of a word; emotional meaning is the impact a word has on the listener

    why did Jesus speak in parables according to our notes?

    they maintain interest; they are easy to remembers (the culture was a memory culture); they activate the imagination; they demand a response (often mental, but also emotional and volitional); they hide the truth

    what are the different characteristics of words?

    words are arbitrary signs of reference, words change over time, words have a range of meanings, words have both emotional and intellectual content

    what warnings should we heed when using commentaries?

    they can't fully explain every passage; they're biased

    what missionary journey did Paul write the pastoral epistles?

    Paul's fourth journey

    what kind of clause contains the key thought of a writer (main or subordinate)?

    main clause

    did Jesus quote well-known rabbis to communicate better with the people or did He receive His teaching directly from God?

    He quoted the OT

    what kind of parable is "I send you forth as sheep"?

    simile parable

    does a NT letter generally begin with doctrine and end with practical exhortation?

    yes - doctrine is the foundation for the practical and ethical exhortations to follow

    what are the parts of an opening of an espistle?

    sender, addressee, greeting, and a prayer

    what part of a letter was key especially since this culture was an oral society?

    body - typically an intro, theological argument, and commands

    what is the first step of a Book Survey according to our notes?

    study of the Canon

    what are the three steps to understanding the meaning of a word?

    1. determine which words are important enough to analyze (when versions differ on their interpretation, when a word is repeated multiple times, when it's a pivotal word in the passage, if you don't understand it or find it interesting to study) 2. find the range of meanings that word can have (we're only looking for the range of possibilities of the original language in their culture; one will have to try to understand the context of each passage in order to understand the exact meaning of the word in that particular passage; etymology) 3. determine which meaning best fits the context (hermeneutical circle, recognize that in only extremely rare cases will you be looking for more than one meaning)

    what are the guidelines for interpreting a parable according to our notes?

    pray; study the context (literary - the flow of the book is quite important, historical); try to find one main truth per character; check the parable against the other synoptic parallel parables; check theological conclusions with other Scripture (they're not designed to teach doctrine); retell the story in modern form

    Is the theme of "missions" in the gospel of Matthew found only at the end of the book or is this theme found throughout the book?

    it's found throughout - call to be fishers of men, call to be salt and light

    what are the three basic methods of Biblical theology and how would you describe them?

    central theme, author, particular theme

    what is the study of a passage from a grammatical, historical and literary viewpoint?

    grammatical-historical method

    what is the foundation of Biblical Theology?

    the Bible (doesn't rule out historical facts that may come from other sources)

    what are the three purposes for studying Biblical Theology?

    to realize the place of Biblical Theology in Bible Study, to understand the progressiveness of revelation, to realize the source of it is the Bible

    does the gospel of Matthew address just the Jews or does it address Gentiles as well?

    it address all people

    what illustration best depicts the relationship between Biblical Theology to Exegesis and Systematic Theology?

    iceburg

    is studying the individual contribution of a given "writer" or given period to the canon's message part of Biblical Theology?

    Biblical theology is an attempt to study the individual contributions of a given writer or a given period to the canon's message

    during the 1800s, which gospel did many believe was written first?

    James

    what is the careful explanation of the meaning of a given text?

    exegesis

    what is the "synoptic problem"?

    Synoptic Gospels tell similar stories but aren't the same exact thing

    does Matthew clearly state his purpose for writing at the beginning of his gospel?

    yes - call to be fishers of men (4:19)

    was it typical for women to be included in genealogies?

    no - it was usually only men

    who are the four women found in Matthew's genealogy?

    Rahab, Bathsheba, Tamar, Ruth

    what are the benefits of studying Biblical Theology according to our notes?

    recognize the unity of a book; avoid proof texting; views doctrine in its historical context; helps balance the doctrine of inspiration; fosters a deep appreciation of the grace of God

    NT books in chronological order

    James, Galatians, 1 Thessalonians, 2 Thessalonians, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Romans, Ephesians, Colossians, Philippians, Philemon, 1 Timothy, Titus, 2 Timothy, Matthew/Mark/Luke, Hebrews, 1 Peter, 2 Peter, Jude, 1 John, 2 John and 3 John, John, Revelation

    is all of Acts prescriptive of how we should "do" church today?

    no - it has narrative and it deals with how the church began, it set some examples but it's not prescriptive, it's descriptive

    describe the church's relationship to Israel

    the church does not ignore Israel, but they dont replace it either; Gentiles don;t have to become Jews first and then Christians

    what books of the NT are called the "prison epistles"?

    Ephesians, Colossians, Philippians, Philemon (they were written during Paul's Cesarean imprisonment and Roman imprisonment)

    what books of the NT are called the "pastoral epistles"?

    1 Timothy, Titus, 2 Timothy

    how many missionary journeys are recorded in Acts?

    4 missionary journeys

    what teacher (rabbi) did Paul study under?

    Gamaliel

    what is the "spread of Greek culture" called?

    hellenism (hellenization) - movement of Greeks abroad, accelerated the speed of conquest, one currency, prosperity, spread of the Greek language, higher level of education led to enhanced overall communication

    what is the church's relation to the Abrahamic covenant

    the Spirit's bestowal is the church's participation in the blessing of the New Covenant; the Church is made up of Spirit-indwelt believers; the coming of the Holy Spirit to the early church was in keeping with Acts 1:8

    was Paul never released from his first Roman imprisonment and died at the end of Acts?

    he was imprisoned under Nero and was executed during his reign

    what is the Holy spirits relation to the New Covenant?

    the coming of the Holy Spirit does not fulfill the New Covenant; the New Covenant was made with the nation of Israel and will be fulfilled with Israel in the MIllennium

    what did the Jerusalem Council accomplish?

    it established that Gentiles could be saved as well as Jews, and the Gentiles didn't have to convert to Judaism in order to be saved

    What is the "Pax Romana" and what is its impact on the spread of the Gospel?

    it forced the gospel to spread to other nations

    what covenants "branch out" from the Abrahamic Covenant?

    Palestinian Covenant (land promised to Israel), New Covenant (the Holy Spirit allows the church to be a part of this)

    what event was the focus of Acts 2?

    the Feast of Pentecost (30 ad)

    Paul stressed the teaching that "God is one" to combat which false doctrine?

    polytheism

    who is the major personality in the first half of Acts?

    peter

    who is the major personality in the second half of Acts?

    Paul

    what city was Paul born in ?

    Tarsus

    what is the definition of "irony"?

    contrast between expectation and reality

    describe the heresy that John combats in his epistles

    corporate illumination; John addresses the error by a high view of divine nature and low view of matter

    what do the people do after Jesus says, "Before Abraham was, I am" in John 8:58?

    they pick up stones to stone him

    why do the people demand a sign after the feeding of the five thousand?

    they wanted physical proof that he would be king; the OT people gave signs, so why wouldn't he?

    what sign miracle resulted in Jesus' disciples believing in Him?

    Wedding at Cana

    what view accepts the literal thousand year reign of Christ on earth?

    postmillenialism

    views on the thousand year reign of Christ

    premil, amil, post mil

    does John's chronology follow any of the other gospels?

    no - it's divided into two sections, sign miracles and the passion narrative

    does John include Jesus healing the man born blind in his Gospel to emphasize the theological concept found in Isaiah with the giving of sight as "messianic activity"?

    yes

    during what Jewish festival does Jesus say, "I am the light of the world"?

    festival of lights

    why does John use the term "Son of Man" to describe Christ?

    it emphasizes Christ's humiliation and exaltation; they may be descriptions of various attributes of Christ; Christ is eternal, yet human

    What verse best provides the "thesis" for John's gospel?

    John 20:31

    Which of John's writings BEST points to the triumph of Christ?

    Revelation

    what term best describes Christ at His Second Coming (Warrior or Lamb)?

    warrior

    Revelation involves a series of what which gives John his revelation?

    prophecies

    describe the apostle John according to our notes

    fisherman; son of Zebedee; part of the original 12; part of the inner circle of disciples; the disciple that Jesus loved

    who will be judged at the Great White Throne judgment

    those who have not bowed the knee

    which is the final of John's sign miracles that confirms the claim of Jesus' Messiahship and equality with God?

    Jesus raises Lazarus from the Dead

    which sign miracle transitions the reader into the "passion narrative"?

    Jesus raises Lazarus from the dead

    which sign miracle led the people to want to make Jesus king?

    Feeding the 5000 and Jesus walking on the water

    when does eternal life begin for a believer?

    when they are saved they receive the gift of eternal life, but not physical life, it is spiritual life

    what is the main reason that Jesus claims to be the Messiah among the Samaritans?

    the Jews were not accepting Him as teh Savior, He came to save the Jews and the Gentiles

    What is the main theme in the book of James?

    suffering and sin; faith and works; eschatology; wisdom

    what do Paul and James have an apparent contradiction over?

    faith and works; faith without christian works is not saving faith (what is your heart response to a need, faith without works is fruitless)

    does James teach that a believer can be as close to God as he or she wants to be?

    while it is God who saves and brings us to himself, James teaches that the Christian also has a responsibility to live like a Christian

    according to the notes, do some disagree with each other because they want the text to state a particular belief?

    they disagree with them because they don't observe that clear passages interpret obscure passages

    is wisdom rooted in right thinking which leads to right behavior?

    it's a gift of God to the believer given at the request of the believer; a daily asking God how to handle life

    does all believers being indwelt by the Holy Spirit mean we will all come to the same conclusions as we interpret Scripture?

    the main doctrine will be the same, but our interpretations will differ in the minors

    what are some reasons disagreements exist according to our notes?

    some people have different sources of authority; some things are not designed to be entirely known; sometimes it is not actually a difference in interpretation but a difference in what people want the text to say; some people do not observe the interpretive rule (clear passages interpret obscure passages)

    what are the steps in testing our interpretations according to our notes?

    1. ask whether your interpretation would be acceptable to the person who received the letter 2. ask whether you have accounted for every aspect of the text 3. ask whether your interpretation aligns with theology as it has been historically interpreted 4. ask whether other Christians in different countries, circumstances, and time periods hold the same opinion

    what should we do when we disagree with another believer's interpretation?

    seek to find the fundamental disagreement between your interpretations; seek to truly understand the position of the other interpreter; seek to resolve the issue by reference to the text; recognize that some differences are not going to be settled this side of heaven; love the brother even while you think he is mistaken on a position of doctrine

    what are the "Catholic Epistles"? Are they the same as the "General Epistles"?

    Heberws, James, 1-2 Peter, 1-3 John, Jude

    what gives us hope that believers are able to come to a solid interpretation of Scripture?

    1. God has left us His word 2. God has provided His word in human language, which confirms that we can indeed understand what it is saying 3. God has provided his Holy Spirit in order that we might know the truth 4. We would expect that our interpretations will differ in the minors

    hermeneutics definition

    the art and science of interpretation

    Process of deciding if a book is a part of the canon

    the foundation of canonicity is inspiration; the Spirit's work of illumination is the formation of canonicity; examination (questions answered); ratification (the church ratified 27 books to be a part of the New Testament)

    etymology

    searching for the meaning of a word by its origins (historical development of a term) or parts (a basic root meaning); based on the fact that humans pass on language and meaning