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movement that responded to the pressures of industrialization and urbanization by promoting reforms
writer who uncovers and exposes misconduct in politics or business
was a reporter and editor for the New York Post and, later, the muckraking McClure's magazine. He wrote articles and books exposing government corruption at the state and municipal levels.
was a Danish immigrant who became a New York City newspaper reporter in 1873. In 1888, as the crime reporter for the New York evening sun, he took photos of night life in the slums. Published in his 1890 book, How the other Half lives, the photos moved New York Police commissioner Theodore Roosevelt to take up the cause of urban reform.
began writing for newspapers and completed several successful novels soon after he graduated college in 1897. His most famous work, The Jungle, was published in 1906. He continued to write muckraking pieces and in time became active in California politics, running unsuccessfully for governor in 1934. In 1942, he won a Pulitzer Prize for his novel Dragon's Teeth
reform movement that emerged in the late nineteenth century that sought to improve society by applying Christian principles
community center organized at the turn of the twentieth century to provide social services to the urban poor
cofounded the hull house, a settlement house in Chicago, in 1889. She lived and worked out of Hull House for the rest of her life. A Pacifist and determined advocate for women's suffrage, She wrote many books and lectured widely. In 1931, she shared the Nobel Peace Prize.
election in which citizens themselves vote to select nominees for upcoming elections
process in which citizens put a proposed new law directly on the ballot
process that allows citizens to approve or reject a law passed by a legislature
process by which voters can remove elected officials from office before their terms end
1913 constitutional amendment allowed for the direct election of U.S. senators by citizens
played a major role at Hull House in calling attention to the working conditions of women and children. In 1899, she headed the newly founded National Consumers League. In 1909 she helped found the NAACP.
group organized in 1899 to investigate the conditions under which goods were made and sold and to promote safe working conditions and a minimum wage
movement aimed at stopping alcohol abuse and the problems created by it
first coined the term "birth control" in a pamphlet she published in 1914. A medical organization she founded, the Birth Control Research Bureau, evolved into Planned Parenthood in 1942.
was a professor who grew interested in the temperance movement in 1874. She joined the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), where she clashed with other members by insisting on linking its goals with women's suffrage. By 1879, she had gained enough support to be elected president of the WCTU, a position she held the rest of her life.
the right to vote
was an African American journalist who worked throughout her life to end the practice of lynching in the South. She contributed to several newspapers, including the Memphis Free Speech, the New York Age, and the Chicago Conservator. In 1895, she published a detailed inquiry into lynching, entitled A Red Record.
was an American social reformer and women's rights activist who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement.
was an educator before becoming involved in the women's suffrage movement in 1887. In 1890, she joined the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). She became its president in 1900, and headed the organization almost without interruption until her death.
They lobbied for state suffrage amendments that would lead to a federal amendment.
joined the leadership of the National American Woman Suffrage Association in 1912 but soon left to found a more militant organization, which became the National Woman's Party in 1917. After the passage of the 19th Amendment, she xpanded her work for women's rights. In 1923 she introduced the first equal rights amendment into Congress.
1920 constitutional amendment that gave women the right to vote
Belief that assimilating immigrants into American society would make them more loyal citizens
was born into slavery and grew up in poverty following emancipation. In 1881, He was chosen to head the tuskegee Normal and Industrial Insituition, where he promoted vocational education for African American students. He encouraged African American citizens to accept segregration and to instead focus on improving themselves through education and economic opportunities.
1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and discrimination, helped create NAACP in 1910
group of African American thinkers founded in 1905 that pushed for immediate racial reforms, particularly in education and voting practices
interracial organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination and to achieve political and civil rights for African Americans
Network of churches and clubs that set up employment agencies and relief efforts to help African Americans get settled and find work in the cities
organization formed in 1913 to defend Jews against physical and verbal attacks and false statements
organized groups of Mexican Americans that make loans and provide legal assistance to other members of their community
granted citizenship to all Native Americans born within the territorial limits of the United States
was an American statesman, author, explorer, soldier, naturalist, and reformer who served as the 26th President of the United States from 1901 to 1909. He was known for the anti-monopoly and conservation policys.
President Theodore Roosevelt's program of reforms to keep the wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business owners and the poor
1906 law that gave the Interstate Commerce Commission the authority to set maximum shipping rates for railroads and for ferries, toll bridges, and oil pipelines
1906 law that empowered the federal government to inspect meat sold across state lines and required federal inspection of meat processing plants
1906 law that allowed federal inspection of food and medicine and banned the interstate shipment and sale of impure food and the mislabeling of food and drugs
emigrated with his family from Scotland in 1849. In 1876 he urged the federal government to adopt a forest conservation policy and was later instrumental in the establishment of California's Yosemite and Sequoia national parks. In 1892, Muir founded the Sierra Club, one of today's leading conservationist organizations.
was appointed to head the U.S. Forest Service, but was fired in 1910 after a dispute with President Taft's Secretary of the Interior. In 1912, he helped form the Progressive Party that nominated Theodore Roosevelt to run for President. He continued his conservation work in Pennsylvania, where he was elected governor in 1922.national
1902 law that gave the federal government the power to decide where and how water would be distributed through the building and management of dams and irrigation projects
President Theodore Roosevelt's plan to restore the government's trust-busting power
political party that emerged from the Taft-Roosevelt battle that split the Republican Party in 1912
President of the United States (1913-1921) and the leading figure at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. He was unable to persuade the U.S. Congress to ratify the Treaty of Versailles or join the League of Nations. He was also Elected governor of new Jersey.
Woodrow Wilson's program during the presidential campaign of 1912 that called for government action against monopolies to ensure free competition
1913 constitutional amendment that gave Congress the authority to levy an income tax
control of the money supply by a central authority, including influencing interest rates to promote economic growth and stability
1913 law that placed national banks under the control of a Federal Reserve Board, which runs regional banks that hold the reserve funds from commercial banks, sets interest rates, and supervises commercial banks
1914 law that strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act