Shoulder Anatomy, Movements, Injuries, and Treatments: Comprehensive Quizlet

What movements are possible in the shoulder?

Flexion/Extension Abduction/Adduction Internal rotation/External rotation (Medial/lateral rotation) Elevation/Depression Horizontal flexion/extension Horizontal adduction/abduction) Protraction/Retraction

What bones make up the shoulder and upper arm?

Humerus Clavicle Scapula Sternum

Also called "collarbone"

Clavical

Also called "breastbone"

Sternum

Shoulder blade

Scapula

small process in the anterior part of the shoulder

Corocoid Process

Glenoid Fossa

The term for the shoulder socket The head of the humorous connects here to form the glenohumeral joint

What is the glenoid labrum?

A ring of tissue that encircles the glenoid fossa Serves as an attachment for the head of the humerus

What is the general function of the muscles surrounding the shoulder?

Movement and stability

What muscles attach to the scapula?

Rotator cuff

What muscles make up the rotator cuff?

Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor Subscapularis

Supraspinatus

Abduction

Infraspinatus

External/lateral rotation

Teres Minor

External/lateral rotation

Subscapularus

Internal/medial rotation

Deltoids

Abduction Flexion Extension

Serratus Anterior

protracts scapula

Rhomboids

Retraction of the scapula

Trapezius

Shoulder elevation horizontal abduction of shoulder

Latissimus Dorsi

Adduction of shoulder Extension of shoulder/arm

What are the THREE main joints of the Shoulder?

Acromioclavicular (AC) Glenohumeral (GH) Sternoclavicular (SC)

What are the TWO most commonly injured joints of the shoulder?

Acromioclavicular and Glenohumeral joint

What are the ligaments of the shoulder joint?

Acromioclavicular (AC) ligament Coracoclavicular ligament Coracoacromial ligament Sternoclavicular ligament Glenohumeral ligament

What are the more common acute injuries that occur in sports?

AC sprains GH dislocation Clavicle fractures Rotator cuff strains

What are the causes of shoulder injuries?

Foosh Direct blow to shoulder Overuse

What does FOOSH mean?

Fall On Out Stretched Hand

What is another term for the Acromioclavicular SPRAIN?

Seperated shoulder

What are the common mechanisms for AC injuries?

Fall to outstretched arm/hand Direct blow to shoulder (usually anterior) Landing on your shoulder

Signs/Symptoms of an AC Sprain

pain & point tenderness at AC joint possible inability to support the injured arm deformity at the AC that will vary with degree

What is the treatment of a 1st degree AC Sprain?

Ice, support/sling NSAIDS for pain ROM exercises as tolerated once symptoms have decreased Protective padding when resuming activity

Treatment for 2nd/3rd Degree AC Sprain?

MD referral if a 2nd or 3rd degree sprain is suspected Athlete will most likely need surgery

Where is the clavicle most often injured and why?

Middle because it's most thin there

Mechanisms of clavical fractures

Foosh Direct blow to clavical sports injuries

S/S of clavical fractures

Pain Swelling Bruising Deformity/bump

What is tenting?

noticeable bruising

Treatment of clavical fractures

Ice therapy Resting with sling or brace

What are four reasons why surgery would be needed for a clavicle fracture?

Open fracture tenting of the skin significant displacement of the fracture overlap or shortening of fragment

What is the most common cause of muscle and tendon injuries of the shoulder?

overuse

What is the general treatment of chronic shoulder injuries?

Rest, ice NSAIDS Correction of muscle imbalances Orthopedic referral if symptoms do not improve

What muscle in the shoulder is most commonly strained?

Supraspinatus

What is the ACUTE mechanism of a rotator cuff strain?

excessive motion beyond normal ROM

What is the CHRONIC mechanism of a rotator cuff strain?

overuse/repetition

What are the signs/symptoms?

Pain at the site of the specific muscle involved Muscle pain/weakness Loss of ROM Shoulder Instability Crepitus

What is impingement syndrome?

Pinching of the supraspinatus and/or biceps tendon in the space under the acromion process

Signs/Symptoms of Impingement Syndrome?

difficulty reaching up behind the back pain with overhead use of the arm and weakness of shoulder muscles. If tendons are injured for a long period of time, the tendon can actually tear in two, resulting in a rotator cuff tear www.webmd.com/osteoarthritis/guide/impingement-syndrome

What is the treatment of rotator cuff injuries/impingement syndrome?

ICE, rest, anti-inflammatories Strengthening of scapular region is a must! Complete tears are surgically repaired

What muscles are strenghthened first, before attempting RC strenghthening?

The scapular & upper back muscles

What is the most common type of shoulder dislocation? What is the mechanism?

anterior, being hit with the arm in abduction, extension, and external/lateral rotation of the shoulder

What other injuries can occur as the result of a dislocation

Labral tears Fracture to the humerus Strains/sprains of surrounding ligaments/tendons

What are the signs/symptoms of a shoulder dislocation?

Person will be holding the arm to support the weight Severe pain Deformity Possible numbness/tingling

Who is the only person that should reduce a shoulder dislocation?

Health care professional (orthopedic)

What is the treatment/management?

Calm athlete down Stabilize shoulder Call 9-1-1 Assess circulation and sensation

What are two ways circulation can be assessed?

Capillary refill Radial Pulse

Glenoid Labrum Injuries

Can occur as the result of both an acute and chronic mechanism

What is a SLAP Tear?

a tear of the SUPERIOR LABRUM ANTERIOR to POSTERIOR

What is a Bankart Lesion?

A tear of the ANTERIOR INFERIOR labrum

Signs/symptoms of a Bankart lesion

pain usually in the posterior aspect of the shoulder pain exacerbated by overhead activities overall weakness, popping, catching, and grinding sensation. Loss of ROM

Treatment of Labral Tears

Initially Ice, NSAIDS, rest Once symptoms have subsided, rehabilitation If this fails to relieve the symptoms, SURGERY is usually recommended