PAC Final-Cedarville University Dr. Groen

    Master this deck with 40 terms through effective study methods.

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    Economic Conservatism

    People who want to keep the government away from the economy. They usually think government regulates too much and stifles free enterprise. Reading: Reagan's a time for choosing

    Social Conservatism

    The focus here is on social issues and traditional morality. They want government to use its power to foster and uphold moral values. They believe that government MUST promote these values so that society may function better and more decently. There are different rationales for this approach. Reading: Russel Kirk "Ten conservative principles"

    Economic Liberalism

    People who want to make sure that government assists those who have difficulty meeting their own economic needs. They typically favor higher taxes on the wealthy so that redistribution can aid those who are needy. Reading: Franklin Roosevelt's state of the union message to congress

    Social Liberalism

    They believe that government should play little to no role in defining values for individuals. People should be allowed to pursue whatever personal, moral choice they wish so long as those choices are not obviously harmful to others and their rights. Reading: Two feminists

    Libertarians

    Think of a combination of economic conservatism and social liberalism. The goal is to minimize government as much as possible, both in the economic and social spheres.

    Populism

    Think of a combination of economic liberalism and social conservatism. This approach maximizes government in both spheres, seeing an active role across the board.

    De facto discrimination

    Discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religion, ethnicity, and the like that results from social, economic, and cultural biases and conditions.

    De jure discrimination

    Racial segregation that is a direct result of law or official policy

    Dred Scott v. Sandford Case

    U.S. Supreme Court ruling that slaves were not U.S. citizens and therefore could not sue for their freedom and that Congress could not prohibit slavery in the western territories.

    Dred Scott v. Sandford Case Dissent

    Court lacked jurisdiction and men of african descent could be citizens

    Fredrick Douglass Speech

    -There's hypocrisy in america's ideals -Shows patriotism and respect for founders, constitution is for equality -For enslaved people the fourth is not a holiday to celebrate when freedom is not given to all -Church has turned a blind eye to racism and slavery

    Plessy v. Ferguson

    "separate but equal" doctrine supreme court upheld the constitutionally of Jim crow laws

    Plessy v. Ferguson Dissent

    constitution is colorblind and all citizens should have equal access to civil rights.

    Brown v. Board of Education

    The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated cause it violates the 14th amendment. Separate but equal is inherently unequal.

    Affirmative action

    the idea that racial minorities should be favored in business and academic decision-making

    Fisher v. UTA

    -Affirmative action policy passes strict scrutiny, constitutionally acceptable -The Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment does allow the consideration of race in undergraduate admissions decisions.

    Fisher v. UTA Dissent

    court doesn't apply strict scrutiny, ways to achieve diversity without race-conscious admissions policies. Laws are to treat everyone the same, the constitution is colorblind.

    Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard

    The court held that race-based affirmative action programs in college admissions processes violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. There is not a clear and compelling reason to discriminate against students of Asian descent.

    Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard Dissent

    Eliminating racial inequality means eliminating all of it.

    Free exercise clause

    A First Amendment provision that prohibits government from interfering with the practice of religion.

    Establishment clause

    First Amendment ban on laws "respecting an establishment of religion" and favoring of a religion over another

    Nonpreferentialism

    -Common view of founders -Religious citizens are necessary for good democracy -Government may be supportive of religion, but not any particular religion

    Preferentialism

    -There should be separation/"wall" between church and state -Separation to protect the state from the influence of religion -Separation to protect the purity of the church

    What opinion did Jefferson hold?

    Preferentialism -Clear distinction between the state in the church -A "wall of separation" -He doesn't want religion to affect the government

    Lee v. Weisman

    1st amendment establishment clause denies inclusion of prayer at start of public school and graduation ceremony. The case is dealing with children who can be psychologically coerced to participate in religious activity

    Lee v. Weisman Dissent

    there is a long history of prayer at ceremonial events and doesn't violate establishment clause (origionalist/nonpreferentialist view)

    Religious freedom restoration act (RFRA)

    Restored the strict scrutiny and the right to free religious practice is protected unless the government can show a compelling interest for the regulation of such practice.

    Affordable care act

    Employers Insurance for workers plans must provide women with coverage for FDA approved contraceptives

    Burwell v. Hobby Lobby

    Contraceptive mandate violates RFRA, does not survive strict scrutiny. 1. Goes against held religious beliefs 2. Substantial burden

    Griswold v. Connecticut

    Established that there is an implied right to privacy in the U.S. Constitution. Contraceptive are a right of privacy by making birth control illegal, the government violated a couple's right to marital privacy So laws pertaining to contraceptives are unconstitutional

    Griswold v. Connecticut Dissent

    gives too much power to judges, makes them legislators

    Roe v. Wade

    legalized abortion on the basis of a woman's right to privacy during certain trimesters of pregnancy (first 2) and is protected by the constitution -Trimester framework created

    Roe v. Wade Dissent

    There is no constitutional right to privacy that pertains to reproductive rights

    Planned Parenthood v. Casey

    Reaffirmed Roe v. Wade but upheld certain limits on its use and replaced trimester framework with the undue burden standard

    Dobbs v. Jackson

    Overturned Roe and Casey Mississippi does not violate the constitution, issue of abortion is returned to the states, no constitutional right to have an abortion

    Obergefell v. Hodges

    States obligated to recognize same-sex marriage from other states because same sex marriage is a constitutional right and every state has to allow and recognize this marriage

    Obergefell v. Hodges Dissent

    the supreme court is acting as legislature, this is a question for congress or states, likely to harm the free exercise of religion, definition of marriage should be left to democratic process

    Texas v. Johnson

    ruled that burning the American flag is protected by the First Amendment as symbolic speech Strict scrutiny: 1. Compelling government interest 2. Least restrictive method

    Texas v. Johnson Dissent

    there are other ways that Johnson's disapproval with the administration. Flag is a symbol of national unity and desecrating it shouldn't be allowed bc it endangers national unity

    Douglass - Free Speech in Boston

    -Violence against abolitionists -Government needs to protect freedom of speech -Appeals to the constitution and first amendment -The right to hear, free speech suppression is a double wrong