Handwritten Notes

What were the main economic problems faced by the new government after Cáceres took office?

The new government faced urgent economic issues, including the circulation of a worthless fiscal bill and a significant external debt.

How did Cáceres address the issue of the fiscal bill?

Cáceres eliminated the fiscal bill and replaced it with silver coins to stabilize the economy.

What measures did Cáceres implement to increase state revenue?

Cáceres created the Juntas Departamentales to collect taxes, introduced new taxes such as the alcohol monopoly and stamp tax, and invested the state's income.

What was the Contract Grace and why was it significant?

The Contract Grace, signed in 1889, was an agreement with bondholders that allowed Peru to cancel its external debt by granting the usufruct of its railroads and other resources.

Who succeeded Cáceres and what was his political affiliation?

Remigio Morales Bermúdez succeeded Cáceres and was affiliated with the Constitutional Party.

What political party did Manuel González Prada found during Morales Bermúdez's presidency?

Manuel González Prada founded the Unión Nacional party during Morales Bermúdez's presidency.

What was the significance of the Ley de Hábeas Corpus during Morales Bermúdez's government?

The Ley de Hábeas Corpus was significant as it protected individual rights and limited arbitrary detention, reflecting a move towards civil liberties.

What event was scheduled to take place in Tacna and Arica in 1893?

A plebiscite was scheduled to determine the fate of Tacna and Arica, which had been retained by Chile after the War of the Pacific.

What was the outcome of the plebiscite in Tacna and Arica?

The plebiscite could not be held due to delays caused by Chile, leading to protests from Peru.

What was the Pacto de Coalición Nacional and who were its main signatories?

The Pacto de Coalición Nacional was an agreement between the Civil Party and the Democratic Party to oppose the government of Cáceres, with Piérola as its leader.

What was the role of Manuel González Prada in the fundraising event at Teatro Politeama?

Manuel González Prada delivered a famous speech at the Teatro Politeama to raise funds for the rescue of Tacna and Arica, emphasizing patriotism and irony.

What was the significance of the London & Pacific Petroleum Corporation in 1890?

The London & Pacific Petroleum Corporation began oil exploitation in La Brea and Pariñas, marking the start of significant petroleum development in Peru.

What challenges did Morales Bermúdez face during his presidency?

Morales Bermúdez faced opposition from guerrilla groups and political factions that rejected the legitimacy of his government.

What happened to Morales Bermúdez in April 1894?

Morales Bermúdez passed away in April 1894, leading to the succession of his second vice president, Justiniano Borgoño.

What actions did Justiniano Borgoño take after succeeding Morales Bermúdez?

Justiniano Borgoño called for elections to prepare for reforms and stabilize the government after Morales Bermúdez's death.

What were the terms of the Contract Grace regarding Peru's resources?

Under the Contract Grace, Peru granted the usufruct of its railroads for 66 years, the right to exploit 3 million tons of guano, and free navigation on Lake Titicaca in exchange for debt cancellation and a loan.

How did the political landscape change during the second cacerismo?

The second cacerismo faced significant opposition from the Coalition National, leading to its eventual overthrow by Piérola.

What was the impact of the external debt on Peru's governance in the late 19th century?

The external debt severely limited Peru's financial autonomy, forcing governments to make concessions to foreign creditors and impacting domestic policies.

What was the significance of the Treaty of Ancón in relation to Tacna and Arica?

The Treaty of Ancón ended the War of the Pacific but left the status of Tacna and Arica unresolved, leading to the planned plebiscite.

What role did guerrilla groups play in the political turmoil of the 1890s in Peru?

Guerrilla groups formed in opposition to the new government, challenging its legitimacy and contributing to the instability of the political environment.

What was the public sentiment towards the government during the time of Morales Bermúdez?

Public sentiment was mixed, with some supporting reforms while others were disillusioned by the ongoing political struggles and economic challenges.