Master this deck with 20 terms through effective study methods.
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Placing children in small, desegregated groups can enhance their self-esteem by fostering collaboration and interdependence, allowing them to learn from one another and succeed together.
Approach training using joysticks can effectively reduce prejudice by encouraging individuals to associate positive feelings with out-group members, thereby increasing self-out-group overlap and promoting positive behaviors in real-life contexts.
Prejudice can be measured subtly through implicit association tests, behavioral observations, and self-report questionnaires that capture attitudes and biases without direct confrontation.
Dehumanization involves perceiving out-group members as less than human, which can lead to increased prejudice and discrimination, as well as contribute to self-fulfilling prophecies regarding the behavior of those individuals.
Members of minority groups often experience stereotype threat, which is the fear of confirming negative stereotypes about their group, leading to impaired performance on relevant tasks.
Creating a common in-group identity, such as identifying all students as 'students' rather than by specific subgroups, can reduce prejudice by fostering a sense of unity and shared purpose among diverse groups.
To change entrenched stereotypes, it is effective to present out-group members in stereotype-inconsistent ways, provide counter-stereotype examples, and intervene early in life before stereotypes become deeply rooted.
Children often learn attitudes of prejudice or acceptance from their parents, peers, and teachers, who model behaviors and beliefs that shape their views on different groups.
The contact hypothesis suggests that prejudice is likely to be reduced when there is mutual interdependence, equal status between groups, a friendly setting, contact with multiple group members, and social norms promoting equality.
The extended contact hypothesis posits that an individual's prejudice toward a group may be reduced if they know that a member of their own group has a close relationship with a member of the other group.
The jigsaw classroom is a teaching method designed to reduce prejudice and raise self-esteem by placing students in small, desegregated groups where they must rely on each other to learn and succeed.
Aversive racism is a subtle form of prejudice where individuals who consciously endorse egalitarian values still harbor negative feelings towards out-group members, often leading to lower ratings of warmth and satisfaction in interactions.
Social categorization helps us make sense of our social world by grouping people based on characteristics, but it can lead to biases, as we tend to evaluate in-group members more positively than out-group members.
In-group bias is the tendency to favor members of one's own group over those of out-groups, occurring even in randomly assigned groups, and is stronger when individuals have chosen their groups.
Activated stereotypes can lead to prejudice and discrimination by influencing perceptions and behaviors towards out-group members, often resulting in negative evaluations and treatment.
Social identity is closely linked to self-esteem, as individuals derive a sense of self-worth from their group memberships, which can lead to in-group favoritism and out-group discrimination.
Using a combination of implicit and explicit measures of prejudice is important for understanding the complexities of bias, as individuals may not be aware of their implicit attitudes that differ from their explicit beliefs.
Peer influence can significantly shape children's attitudes towards different groups, as they often adopt the beliefs and behaviors of their friends, which can either reinforce or challenge prejudiced views.
Social norms that promote equality and egalitarianism are crucial in reducing prejudice, as they create an environment where inclusive behaviors are expected and valued among group members.
The promise of future interactions and the establishment of friendships between members of different groups can facilitate prejudice reduction by fostering understanding, empathy, and shared experiences.