Microbiology Exam 1

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    Microbiology

    the science that studies living organisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye.

    Pathogen

    a disease-producing microorganism

    Aerobic microbes

    microbes that can only live in the presence of oxygen

    Anaerobic microbes

    Microbes that grow best in the absence of oxygen

    Antiseptics

    Solutions that are applied directly to the skin and prevent or slow the growth of pathogens.

    Disinfection

    A process that uses strong chemicals such as bleach solution and zephirin to kill pathogens. These chemicals are used mainly on objects and not on the skin.

    Sterilization

    A process used to kill microbes and their spores.

    Bacteria

    single-celled or noncellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms lacking chlorophyll that reproduce by fission

    Fungi

    plant like organism that lives on dead matter

    Protozoa

    tiny animals that are found in contaminated water supplies and in decayed materials

    Rickettsiae

    parasites that must live inside the cells of other living organisms. They are transmitted by the animal the parasites inhabits, such as fleas, lice, and ticks.

    Viruses

    the smallest of all the microorganisms. They can grow and reproduce only inside other living cells, and are difficult to destroy

    non-pathogen

    microbes that benefit humans and the environment

    Cocci

    round in shape

    bacilli

    rod shaped

    spririlla

    corkscrew or spiral shaped

    diplococci

    cocci occur in pairs or two circles

    streptococci

    cocci occur in chains

    staphylococci

    cocci occur in clusters or groups

    flagella

    threadlike projections similar to a tail that allow the organism to move

    spores

    thick walled capsules, occurs when conditions are poor,

    antibiotic resistant

    bacterium that is resistant to antibiotics

    antifungal medications

    used to treat fungal infections, can cause liver disease

    antibiotics

    used to kill bacteria, ineffective against viruses

    Hepatitis B

    Virus that is transmitted through blood and body fluids that causes serious liver disease, there is a vaccine available and employers must provide the vaccine to employees

    Hepatitis C

    Virus that causes liver disease that is spread through blood and body fluids, there is no immunization for this virus

    Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

    this virus suppresses the immune system, individuals can not fight off many cancers and infections that would not affect a health person. There is no immunization.

    helminths

    multicellular parasitic organisms commonly called worms or flukes

    Hookworms

    attach to the small intestine and can infect the heart and lungs

    Taenia solium (pork tapeworm)

    contracted by eating inadequately cooked pork