Biology: Cell Structure and Function

    Master this deck with 31 terms through effective study methods.

    cell bio

    Created by @ekan4238

    cell theory

    theory that states that all organisms are made of cells, all cells are produced by other living cells, and the cell is the most basic unit of life.

    cytoplasm

    jellylike substance inside cells that contains molecules and in some cells organelles.

    organelle

    membrane-bound structure that is specialized to perform a distinct process within a cell.

    prokaryotic cell

    cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

    eukaryotic cell

    cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

    cytoskeleton

    network of proteins, such as microtubules and microfilaments, inside a eukaryotic cell that supports and shapes the cell.

    nucleus

    organelle composed of a double membrane that acts as the storehouse for most of a cell's DNA.

    endoplasmic reticulum

    interconnected network of thin, folded membranes that produce, process, and distribute proteins. (Highway system)

    ribosome

    organelle that links amino acids together to form proteins.

    golgi apparatus

    stack of flat, membrane-enclosed spaces containing enzymes that process, sort, and deliver proteins. (Post office)

    vesicle

    small organelle that contains and transports materials within the cytoplasm.

    mitochondrion

    bean-shaped organelle that supplies energy to the cell and has its own ribosomes and DNA.

    vacuole

    organelle that is used to store materials, such as water, food, or enzymes, that are needed by the cell.

    lysosome

    organelle that contains enzymes to break down debris and old organelles

    centriole

    small cylinder-shaped organelle made of protein tubes arranged in a circle; aids cell division (Found only in animal cells)

    cell wall

    rigid structure made of cellulose that gives protection, support, and shape to cells in plants

    chloroplast

    organelle composed of numerous membranes that are used to convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis; contains chlorophyll.

    cell membrane

    double-layer of phospholipids that forms a boundary between a cell and the surrounding environment and controls the passage of materials into and out of a cell.

    Robert Hooke

    The word "cell" was first used in late 1665 by Robert Hooke. He looked at thin slices of cork (plant cells) under the microscope.

    Leeuwenhoek

    many simple microscopes to observe things in nature that interested him. First to see and describe microorganisms under the microscope.

    Matthias Schleiden

    Schleiden said that all plants are made of cells

    Theodore Schwann

    Schwann said that all animals are made of cells.

    Nucleolus

    Found inside the nucleus; produces ribosomes

    Cells need to turn food, usually sugar, into energy, what organelle would you expect to be VERY plentiful in these cells?

    Mitochondria

    Chlorophyll, in plant cells, is stored in an organelle that is VERY plentiful in leaf cells. What are these organelles?

    Chloroplast

    What cells, other than plant cells, contain chlorophyll?

    Prokaryotes and Protist

    What organelle in plants is designed to store water and nutrients?

    Vacuole

    In a cell, once this organelle locates an invader, they engulf it. What organelle is this?

    Lysosome

    What organelles would you expect to be plentiful in protein rich muscle cells?

    Ribosomes

    To what organelle are these protein making organelles often found attached?

    Rough ER

    Mammalian cells do not have a control center. What organelle is missing from there cells?

    Nucleus