Master this deck with 21 terms through effective study methods.
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Mitochondria are organelles that produce energy through the process of cellular respiration, converting oxygen and glucose into carbon dioxide, water, and energy. Very active cells have more mitochondria to meet their higher energy demands.
The chemical equation for cellular respiration is O2 + glucose (food) → CO2 + water + ENERGY.
Chloroplasts are found in green plants and are responsible for photosynthesis, converting carbon dioxide and water into glucose (food) and oxygen in the presence of sunlight.
The chemical equation for photosynthesis is CO2 + water + sunlight → glucose (food) + O2.
In animal cells, vacuoles are small and temporary, while in plant cells, they are large and serve to store nutrients, waste, and water, providing shape and support to the cell.
Organelles are small cellular structures that perform specific functions within a cell, such as the nucleus, which houses genetic material and controls cellular activities.
The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of a living organism, capable of performing all life processes.
Tissue is a group of cells that perform specific functions together. An example is muscle tissue, which is composed of muscle cells that work together to facilitate movement.
An organ is a structure that contains a number of tissues working together to perform specific functions, such as the heart, which pumps blood throughout the body.
An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions, such as the digestive system, which processes food and absorbs nutrients.
An organism is an individual living entity, which can be an animal, plant, or single-celled life form.
The atom is the basic unit of matter found in all living organisms, serving as the building blocks for molecules.
Molecules are formed when two or more atoms chemically bond together, such as in the case of an oxygen molecule (O2).
Macromolecules are large molecules that contain a very large number of atoms, such as nucleic acids, which are essential for storing and transmitting genetic information.
Muscle cells contract and relax to allow movement in multicellular organisms, enabling locomotion and various bodily functions.
Red blood cells transport oxygen throughout the body, delivering it to tissues and organs for cellular respiration and energy production.
Nerve cells, or neurons, transfer electrical impulses in the nerves and spinal cord, facilitating communication within the nervous system.
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can divide and develop into different types of cells, such as nerve, muscle, and bone cells, offering potential for regenerative medicine.
Key differences include the presence of a cell wall and large vacuoles in plant cells, while animal cells lack a cell wall and have smaller vacuoles. Additionally, chloroplasts are found only in green plants.
All living organisms are made up of one or more cells, which are the fundamental units of life.
Studying life at different levels of organization, from atoms to organisms, helps us understand the complexity of biological systems and how they interact to sustain life.