Master this deck with 53 terms through effective study methods.
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a change in an organism due to experience, which can affect the organism's behaiour.
rates
repetition
yes
through behaviour
in stops and starts
virtually in everything we do
Ivan Pavlov
A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response.
An unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus.
A stimulus that initially produces no specific response.
A previously neutral stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response.
A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus.
The neutral stimulus becomes the conditioned stimulus after association with the unconditioned stimulus.
The conditioned response is learned and is similar to the unconditioned response.
can act as a conditioned stimulus
Conditioned responses are unlearned just as easily as they are learned
the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response
responding similarly to a range of similar stimuli
Reacting differently to fairly similar stimuli.
B.F. Skinner. He said that behaviour is the result of seeking rewards or avoiding punishments.
two stimuli
behaviour and a consequence
A small enclosure in which an animal can make a specific response that is systematically recorded while the consequences of the response are controlled.
Something good can start or be presented Something bad can start or be presented Something Good can end or be taken away Something bad can end or be taken away
added
taken away
Increases behaviour by adding a (usually good) stimulus
Increases behaviour by removing a (usually bad) stimulus
A punishment decreases behaviour typically by using unpleasent consequences
The administration of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a behavior recurring. When a behaviour is followed by an aversive stimulus such as a shock, loud noise, or spanking.
When a behaviour is followed by the removal of a favourable stimulus
Something good = starts/supplied R+ Something good = ends/removed P- Something bad = starts/supplied P+ Something bad = ends/removed R-
to be more effective or clear to the behaviour
they will be confused
Reinforcers
it actively builds desired behaviors, while punishment often only suppresses unwanted ones
risk of causing serious physical harm, inducing fear or hostility, and failure to learn the correct response in a particular situation.
related to our basic biological functioning
stimuli that are originally neutral but become reinforcers through association with primary reinforcers
Every responde is reinforced
Reinforcement is delivered after a fixed number or respondes have been made
the number of responses rewuired for a reinforcer to be delivered, varies for each trial
Reinforcer is delivered after a fixed amout of time has elapsed
Reinforcer is delivered after an average amount of time has elapsed
gradually molding or training an organism to perform a specific response by reinforcing any responses that are similar to the desirable response
involves one response leading to the occurrence of another response. Most behaviours occur in chains
Bribery is paying before behaviour is delivered; reinforcement is paying after delivery.
Giving someone an incentive to do something they already enjoy doing decreases their intrinsic motivation to do it.
learning by observing others
Albert Bandura
1- Attention: must be aware of the behaviours of those around you 2-Retention: must remember the behaviour you witnessed 3- Ability to reproduce the behaviour 4-Motivation: we are most likely to learn if the behaviour has been rewarded to the model
Everyone is or has been a role model at one time or another. It is IMPOSSIBLE to choose not to be one.