Master this deck with 20 terms through effective study methods.
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The nucleus controls cell activities and stores DNA, which contains the genetic information necessary for the growth, development, and reproduction of the cell.
The cytoplasm is a gel-like substance that holds organelles in place, providing a medium for biochemical reactions and facilitating the movement of materials within the cell.
The cell membrane protects the cell and controls what enters and exits, thus maintaining homeostasis by regulating the internal environment of the cell.
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell because they produce energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration, which is essential for various cellular processes.
Ribosomes are the cellular structures that synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains, which then fold into functional proteins.
Rough ER is studded with ribosomes and is primarily involved in the synthesis of proteins, while smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification processes.
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins received from the rough ER, preparing them for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and old cell parts, playing a crucial role in cellular maintenance and recycling.
Vacuoles store water, nutrients, or waste products, helping to maintain turgor pressure in plant cells and contributing to overall cell structure and function.
Chloroplasts convert sunlight into energy through the process of photosynthesis, using light energy to synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide and water.
The cell wall provides structure and protection to plant cells, maintaining cell shape and preventing excessive water uptake.
The cell membrane is selectively permeable because it allows certain substances to pass through while blocking others, thus regulating the internal environment of the cell.
Ribosomes can be found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum, where they synthesize proteins that are either secreted from the cell or incorporated into the cell's membranes.
Lysosomes help defend the cell by digesting foreign invaders, such as bacteria, and recycling cellular components, thus maintaining cellular health.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) produced by mitochondria serves as the primary energy currency of the cell, fueling various cellular processes such as metabolism, movement, and biosynthesis.
Vacuoles contribute to the physical properties of plant tissues by maintaining turgor pressure, which helps keep the plant upright and supports its structure.
Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, while prokaryotic cells lack these structures and have a simpler organization.
The cell wall of plant cells is primarily composed of cellulose, while bacterial cell walls are made of peptidoglycan, providing different structural properties and functions.
Smooth ER detoxifies harmful substances by modifying them chemically, making them less toxic and easier for the cell to eliminate.
Chloroplasts are essential for life on Earth because they perform photosynthesis, producing oxygen and organic compounds that are vital for the survival of most living organisms.