Master this deck with 20 terms through effective study methods.
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Organelles are specialized structures within a cell that perform distinct functions necessary for the cell's survival and operation, such as energy production, protein synthesis, and waste management.
The nucleus serves as the control center of the cell, housing the cell's DNA, which dictates cellular activities and functions, including growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
Ribosomes are responsible for synthesizing proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains, which then fold into functional proteins.
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, as they generate ATP through cellular respiration, providing energy for various cellular processes.
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a defined nucleus and various organelles, making them more complex.
Lysosomes act as the cell's waste disposal system, containing enzymes that break down damaged or worn-out cellular components and debris.
Vacuoles are sac-like structures that store various substances, such as water, nutrients, and waste products, helping to maintain turgor pressure and overall cell structure.
Chloroplasts are organelles in plant cells that capture sunlight and convert it into chemical energy through photosynthesis, using chlorophyll to absorb light.
The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments and microtubules that provides structural support, maintains cell shape, and facilitates cellular movement and transport.
Cells that require more energy, such as muscle cells, have more mitochondria to produce sufficient ATP through cellular respiration to meet their energy needs.
Chromatin is the relaxed form of DNA found within the nucleus, which condenses into chromosomes during cell division, ensuring proper distribution of genetic material.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in the synthesis of proteins and lipids; the rough ER has ribosomes for protein synthesis, while the smooth ER is involved in lipid production.
The cell membrane regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining a stable internal environment and allowing for communication with the external environment.
Plant cells have a rigid cell wall that provides structure and protection, while animal cells do not have a cell wall and instead have a flexible cell membrane.
The nucleolus is a structure within the nucleus responsible for the production and assembly of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and ribosome subunits.
Microfilaments are thin, thread-like structures made of actin that provide support and facilitate movement, while microtubules are thicker, hollow tubes made of tubulin that help maintain cell shape and assist in cell division.
Cellular respiration is the metabolic process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into ATP, carbon dioxide, and water, providing energy for cellular activities.
DNA contains the instructions for building proteins and regulating cellular functions, making it essential for inheritance and the overall functioning of the organism.
Cytoplasm is composed of cytosol (the jelly-like fluid), organelles, and various molecules, providing a medium for biochemical reactions and supporting cellular structures.
Cells communicate through chemical signals, such as hormones and neurotransmitters, which bind to receptors on target cells, triggering specific responses.