Master this deck with 20 terms through effective study methods.
Generated from uploaded pdf
The Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, officially ended World War I and imposed heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany. It aimed to prevent future conflicts but instead fostered resentment and economic hardship, contributing to the rise of totalitarian regimes and the outbreak of World War II.
The United Nations was founded in 1945 by representatives from 51 countries, including key figures like Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Eleanor Roosevelt. Its primary goals are to promote international cooperation, maintain peace and security, and foster social and economic development.
The Industrial Revolution led to the shift from agrarian economies to industrialized ones, resulting in urbanization, the rise of factory work, changes in labor conditions, and the emergence of new social classes, including the industrial bourgeoisie and the working class.
The American Civil War (1861-1865) was primarily caused by issues surrounding slavery, states' rights, and economic disparities between the North and South. Its consequences included the abolition of slavery, significant loss of life, and the Reconstruction era, which aimed to integrate formerly enslaved people into society.
The Renaissance began in the 14th century in Italy, characterized by a revival of classical learning, humanism, advancements in art and science, and a focus on individualism. It marked a transition from the medieval period to the modern age.
The fall of the Berlin Wall symbolized the end of the Cold War and the division between East and West. It led to the reunification of Germany, the collapse of communist regimes in Eastern Europe, and a shift towards democratic governance and market economies in the region.
The Enlightenment, an intellectual movement in the 17th and 18th centuries, emphasized reason, individualism, and skepticism of authority. It influenced modern political thought by promoting ideas of democracy, human rights, and the separation of church and state.
Colonialism led to the displacement, cultural assimilation, and significant population decline of indigenous populations in the Americas due to violence, disease, and exploitation. It also resulted in the loss of land and traditional ways of life.
The rise of totalitarian regimes in the 20th century was influenced by economic instability, social unrest, the aftermath of World War I, and the appeal of strong leadership. Notable examples include fascism in Italy and Nazism in Germany.
Martin Luther was a German monk whose 95 Theses in 1517 criticized the Catholic Church's practices, particularly the sale of indulgences. His actions sparked the Protestant Reformation, leading to significant religious, political, and cultural changes in Europe.
The Great Depression, which began in 1929, was caused by stock market speculation, bank failures, and reduced consumer spending. It led to widespread unemployment, poverty, and economic contraction globally, prompting governments to adopt interventionist policies.
The Cold War, characterized by ideological conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union, influenced international relations through proxy wars, arms races, and the establishment of military alliances like NATO and the Warsaw Pact, shaping global politics for decades.
The Civil Rights Movement, primarily during the 1950s and 1960s, aimed to end racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans. Key events included the Montgomery Bus Boycott, the March on Washington, and the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, leading to significant legal and social changes.
The French Revolution occurred from 1789 to 1799, leading to the overthrow of the monarchy, the establishment of a republic, and significant social and political upheaval. Its outcomes included the rise of Napoleon and the spread of revolutionary ideals across Europe.
The Magna Carta, signed in 1215, is considered foundational because it established the principle that everyone, including the king, is subject to the law. It laid the groundwork for constitutional governance and the protection of individual rights.
The 19th century saw technological advancements such as the steam engine, telegraph, and railroads, which revolutionized transportation and communication. These innovations facilitated industrial growth, urbanization, and changes in social dynamics.
World War II (1939-1945) resulted in unprecedented destruction and loss of life, leading to a reevaluation of international relations. The desire to prevent future conflicts and promote cooperation led to the establishment of the United Nations in 1945.
Capitalism emphasizes private ownership and free markets, while communism advocates for collective ownership and the elimination of class distinctions. These ideological differences fueled tensions and conflicts during the Cold War, influencing global politics.
Key figures in the abolition of slavery include Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, and William Wilberforce. They employed strategies such as advocacy, underground railroads, and political lobbying to raise awareness and push for legislative changes.
The 1917 Russian Revolution led to the establishment of a communist government, influencing global politics by inspiring revolutionary movements worldwide, contributing to the rise of the Soviet Union, and intensifying ideological conflicts during the Cold War.