Master this deck with 21 terms through effective study methods.
Trace Europe’s deep past—from Homo erectus and Aurignacian art to Neolithic farmers, Varna treasures, and Indo-European migrations. Cover Minoans and Mycenaeans, the Bronze Age collapse and rise of ir...
The collapse was due to the breakdown of institutions, laws, and power, which resulted in many areas being vulnerable to invasions by migrating tribes.
Feudalism and manorialism emerged, providing a division of land and labor, along with a hierarchy of law and protection based on local bonds between people and their lords.
The three powers were the Franks (Merovingian dynasty) in Francia, the Visigothic kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula, and the Ostrogothic kingdom in Italy and parts of the western Balkans.
The Merovingian dynasty ruled from 481 to 843 AD.
The Ionian Revolt, which attempted to overthrow Persian rule, marked the beginning of the conflict, leading to the first Persian invasion of mainland Greece.
The wars resulted in significant Persian invasions, including the Second Persian invasion of Greece, which saw most of northern Greece overrun by Persian forces.
The Battle of Thermopylae was a pivotal moment during the Greco-Persian Wars where a small Greek force, led by King Leonidas of Sparta, made a heroic stand against a much larger Persian army.
The Mycenaean civilization preceded the Hellenic city-states and collapsed due to factors such as the Dorian invasion, natural disasters, and climate change.
The Greek Dark Ages, beginning in the 11th century BC, were marked by a decline in population, loss of literacy, and a lack of monumental architecture following the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization.
The Hellenic city-states established colonies and spread their culture, governance, philosophy, and arts throughout the Mediterranean, significantly influencing Europe, North Africa, and West Asia.
Athens practiced an early form of direct democracy where citizens voted directly on legislation and executive bills, a system developed by Cleisthenes.
Prominent philosophers included Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, who contributed significantly to Western philosophy and thought.
The Platonic Academy, founded by Plato, was an institution for philosophical discussion and education, influencing generations of thinkers and the development of Western philosophy.
The Hellenic civilization achieved notable advancements in government, philosophy, science, mathematics, politics, sports, theatre, and music.
The colonies allowed for the spread of Hellenic culture, trade, and influence, establishing a network of Greek-speaking communities across the Mediterranean.
The Bronze Age collapse led to the decline of the Mycenaean civilization and the onset of the Greek Dark Ages, significantly altering the trajectory of Greek history.
The mountainous terrain and numerous islands led to the development of independent city-states (poleis) rather than a unified empire, each with its own government and culture.
Local lords provided land to peasants in exchange for labor and protection, administering local law and settling disputes among the common people.
The Ostrogothic kingdom, which existed from 493 to 553 AD, was known for its rule over Italy and parts of the western Balkans, and for its cultural and political integration of Roman and Gothic traditions.
The Visigothic kingdom, existing from 418 to 711 AD, played a crucial role in the transition from Roman rule to the establishment of medieval Spain, influencing its culture and governance.
The Hellenic civilization laid the foundations for Western thought, democracy, art, and science, influencing subsequent cultures and societies throughout history.