Master this deck with 22 terms through effective study methods.
Survey the post-classical era as world religions spread and long-distance trade intensified. Cover the Islamic conquests and Golden Age, Crusades, Mongol expansions, and the rise of Song/Tang/Yuan/Min...
The Carolingian dynasty, particularly under Charlemagne, established a vast empire in Western Europe during the 7th and 8th centuries, which laid the foundations for modern France and Germany. It was significant for its cultural revival, including the development of musical notation and the promotion of learning and literacy.
Vladimir the Great was the ruler of Kievan Rus' who adopted Orthodox Christianity as the state religion in 988. His conversion had a profound impact on the culture, politics, and religious landscape of the region, aligning it more closely with Byzantine traditions.
The Carolingian Empire declined due to internal divisions, external pressures from invaders such as the Vikings, Magyars, and Arabs, and the fragmentation into West Francia and East Francia, which eventually evolved into separate nations.
During the Islamic Golden Age, scholars preserved and expanded upon the knowledge of ancient Greece and Persia, made significant advancements in mathematics (like algebra), astronomy, and medicine, and developed a rich literary culture that influenced later European thought.
The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated by European Christians aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from Muslim control. They ultimately failed to achieve their primary goals but weakened the Byzantine Empire and increased cultural exchanges between Europe and the Islamic world.
The Medieval Warm Period, occurring from the 10th to 13th centuries, led to improved agricultural conditions, population growth, and economic expansion in parts of Europe, contributing to the development of towns and trade networks.
Al-Khwarizmi was a Persian mathematician whose work in the 9th century laid the foundations for algebra. His texts introduced systematic methods for solving equations and significantly influenced both Islamic and European mathematics.
The post-classical period (500-1500 CE) was marked by the rise of major world religions, the expansion of civilizations into new regions, intensified trade between societies, and significant cultural and scientific advancements.
The Seljuk Turks migrated into the Middle East in the 11th century, challenging Arab dominance and establishing a powerful empire that played a crucial role in the political and military landscape of the region, particularly during the Crusades.
Neume notation was an early form of musical notation developed during the Carolingian era that laid the groundwork for modern musical notation, facilitating the preservation and transmission of liturgical music.
The Crusades facilitated cultural exchanges between Europe and the Islamic world, including the transfer of knowledge in science, medicine, and philosophy, as well as the introduction of new goods and ideas that influenced European culture.
The Abbasid Caliphate emerged after the Umayyad Caliphate and is significant for overseeing the Islamic Golden Age, during which arts, sciences, and philosophy flourished, and Baghdad became a center of learning and culture.
Trade routes facilitated the spread of Islam as merchants traveled across Asia, Africa, and Europe, bringing not only goods but also their Islamic faith, leading to the establishment of Muslim communities in diverse regions.
The Little Ice Age, following the Medieval Warm Period, led to cooler temperatures that adversely affected agriculture, resulting in food shortages, population decline, and social unrest in Europe.
Islamic astronomers made significant contributions by collecting and translating ancient texts, developing new astronomical theories, and creating instruments that laid the groundwork for future advancements in European astronomy.
Byzantine Christian culture and Persian Zoroastrian traditions often competed for influence in the region, particularly in areas of art, philosophy, and governance, leading to a rich cultural exchange.
The introduction of paper manufacturing from China allowed for the widespread dissemination of knowledge, leading to increased literacy, the production of books, and the flourishing of scholarship in Islamic civilization.
The Islamic Golden Age was characterized by significant advancements in various fields, including mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and philosophy, as well as a flourishing of arts and literature, driven by a spirit of inquiry and cultural exchange.
The sack of Constantinople in 1204 during the Fourth Crusade weakened the Byzantine Empire significantly, leading to its eventual decline and altering the balance of power in the region.
The Carolingian Renaissance was a revival of art, culture, and learning based on classical models, which influenced the development of medieval European culture, education, and the preservation of classical texts.
The rise of the Islamic Caliphates was driven by a combination of military conquests, the appeal of Islam as a unifying faith, and the administrative capabilities of the caliphs, which allowed for the effective governance of diverse populations.
Trade played a crucial role in cultural exchanges by facilitating the movement of ideas, technologies, and goods between the Islamic world and Europe, leading to mutual influences in art, science, and philosophy.