Master this deck with 21 terms through effective study methods.
Explore the formative years of the United States, from Washington’s presidency and the first party system to Jefferson’s Louisiana Purchase, the War of 1812, and the Monroe Doctrine. Learn how the Sec...
The major accomplishment of the Washington Administration was the creation of a strong national government that was recognized by all Americans, which included the assumption of state debts, the establishment of the Bank of the United States, and the implementation of a uniform system of tariffs and taxes.
Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton played a key role in Washington's government, leading initiatives to stabilize the nation's finances and create a strong economic infrastructure.
The United States Bill of Rights was adopted to guarantee individual liberties such as freedom of speech and religious practice, addressing the concerns of Anti-Federalists about a too-powerful central government.
Jefferson believed in republicanism based on the independent yeoman farmer and distrusted cities, factories, banks, and a strong federal government, while Hamilton supported a strong central government and financial institutions.
Chief Justice John Marshall established the power of judicial review, allowing the Supreme Court to overturn acts of Congress or state laws that violated the Constitution, first articulated in the Marbury v. Madison case in 1803.
Andrew Jackson's slogan during his 1832 presidential campaign was 'Jackson and no bank,' reflecting his opposition to the Second Bank of the United States.
'Pet banks' were state-chartered banks that Andrew Jackson implemented as an alternative to the Second Bank of the United States, which he believed was used by the elite to exploit the average American.
The First Party System was formed as a result of political alignments around the issues of the Jay Treaty and the differing views of the Federalists, led by Hamilton and Washington, and the Democratic-Republicans, led by Jefferson and Madison.
The Jay Treaty, presented by Hamilton and Washington in 1794, re-established good relations with Britain, but it faced vehement protests from Jeffersonians and intensified political divisions in the country.
Serious challenges included the Northwest Indian War, the ongoing Cherokee–American wars, and the 1794 Whiskey Rebellion, where western settlers protested against a federal tax on liquor.
The Marbury v. Madison case was significant because it established the principle of judicial review, allowing the Supreme Court to invalidate laws that were found to be unconstitutional.
The adoption of the Bill of Rights helped to ease tensions between Federalists and Anti-Federalists, but it also solidified the political divide, leading to the formation of distinct political parties.
The Democratic-Republican Party, formed by Jefferson and Madison, believed in a limited federal government, agrarianism, and the protection of individual liberties against federal overreach.
Hamilton implemented policies such as assuming state debts, creating the Bank of the United States, and establishing a system of tariffs and taxes to stabilize the nation's economy.
Jefferson distrusted the federal government and judges because he believed they could become too powerful and infringe upon the rights of individuals and states.
The Whiskey Rebellion demonstrated the federal government's willingness to enforce its laws and maintain order, but it also highlighted the tensions between rural citizens and the federal authority.
The War of 1812 fostered a sense of nationalism and unity among Americans, as they rallied against a common enemy and experienced a surge in patriotic sentiment.
The Federalist Party, created by Hamilton, played a significant role in early American politics by advocating for a strong central government and supporting policies that promoted economic growth.
The dissolution of the Second Bank led to increased state control over banking, the rise of 'pet banks,' and contributed to financial instability that would later culminate in economic crises.
Federalists favored a strong central government and a loose interpretation of the Constitution, while Democratic-Republicans advocated for states' rights and a strict interpretation of the Constitution.
The political debates of the 1790s, particularly over issues like the Jay Treaty and the establishment of a national bank, laid the groundwork for the development of political parties and the partisan landscape of American politics.