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The temporal fossa is bounded posteriorly and superiorly by the temporal lines, anteriorly by the frontal and zygomatic bones, laterally by the zygomatic arch, and inferiorly by the infratemporal crest.
The temporal fossa contains the temporal muscle, which is shaped like a fan and is responsible for elevating the mandible.
The floor of the temporal fossa is formed by the four bones that constitute the pterion: frontal, parietal, temporal, and the greater wing of the sphenoid.
The temporal fascia forms the roof of the temporal fossa, inserting into the superior temporal line and attaching to the lateral and medial surfaces of the zygomatic arch.
The infratemporal fossa is an irregularly shaped space bounded laterally by the ramus of the mandible, medially by the lateral plate of the pterygoid process, anteriorly by the posterior surface of the maxilla, and posteriorly by the tympanic plate and the mastoid and styloid processes of the temporal bone.
The chorda tympani carries taste fibers from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and joins the lingual nerve in the infratemporal fossa.
The otic ganglion is located in the infratemporal fossa, just inferior to the foramen ovale, and contains parasympathetic presynaptic and postsynaptic fibers.
The main regions associated with the temporomandibular joint include the parotid region, temporal region, infratemporal region, and the muscles of mastication.
The parotid region is bounded superiorly by the zygomatic arch, posteriorly by the external ear and the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, medially by the ramus of the mandible, anteriorly by the anterior border of the masseter muscle, and inferiorly by the angle and inferior border of the mandible.
The parotid gland is the largest of the three salivary glands, surrounded by a strong and resistant facial capsule, and has a triangular shape. It is innervated by the auriculotemporal nerve.
The infratemporal fossa contains the inferior part of the temporal muscle, the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles, the maxillary artery, the pterygoid venous plexus, and the mandibular, inferior alveolar, lingual, buccal nerves, and the chorda tympani.
The temporomandibular joint is a synovial joint of the ginglymus type, allowing for sliding, slight rotation, as well as flexion and extension. Its surfaces are formed by the mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of the temporal bone superiorly and the head of the mandible inferiorly.
The stability of the temporomandibular joint is supported by two ligaments: the stylomandibular ligament and the sphenomandibular ligament.
The muscles of mastication include the temporal muscle, masseter, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid.
All muscles of mastication are innervated by the mandibular nerve, which is a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V).
The vascular supply to the muscles of mastication is primarily provided by the maxillary artery, which is a branch of the external carotid artery.
The lateral pterygoid muscle is responsible for depressing the mandible and allowing for lateral movements during chewing.
The medial pterygoid muscle assists in elevating the mandible and contributes to the grinding motion during mastication.
The articulation of the temporomandibular joint involves the mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of the temporal bone and the head of the mandible.
The otic ganglion is clinically significant as it is involved in the parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland, affecting salivary secretion.
The anatomy of the infratemporal fossa is crucial for dental procedures, particularly in administering local anesthesia for the mandibular nerve, as it contains important nerves and blood vessels.