Master this deck with 21 terms through effective study methods.
Generated from uploaded pdf
The human skull is made up of 8 bones: four unpaired bones (frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and occipital) and two pairs of bilateral bones (temporal and parietal).
The neurocranium is the part of the skull that encloses the brain. It contains the encephalon, the proximal portions of the cranial nerves, and the encephalic vessels.
The occipital bone is an unpaired bone with a trapezoidal shape, concave on its internal face and convex on its external face. It is significant due to the foramen magnum, which connects the skull to the spinal canal.
The frontal bone is an unpaired, central, symmetrical, and flat bone with two surfaces (endocranial and exocranial) and a circumferential border.
The parietal bone is a paired, flat bone with a quadrilateral shape, featuring two surfaces (internal and external) and four borders with corresponding angles.
The temporal bone is a paired, irregular, pneumatic bone located laterally, medially, and inferiorly in the skull, positioned posterior to the sphenoid and anterior to the occipital.
The sphenoid bone, often described as butterfly-shaped, is an unpaired bone located in the middle of the base of the skull. It contributes to the internal structure of the face, nasal cavities, and houses the sella turcica where the pituitary gland resides.
The ethmoid bone is a short, compact, central, unpaired, and symmetrical bone shaped like a 'T'. It consists of four parts: a vertical median plate, a horizontal plate perpendicular to it, and two lateral masses.
The palatine bone is a paired, short, and compact bone with an irregular shape. It, along with the maxillae, forms the posterior portion of the face and contributes to the formation of the hard palate, nasal cavities, orbits, and pterygomaxillary fossa.
The maxilla is a paired bone that forms the upper jaw and holds the upper teeth. It plays a crucial role in the structure of the face, contributing to the formation of the orbit, nasal cavity, and hard palate.
The bones of the skull articulate through various sutures, which are fibrous joints that allow for slight movement during growth and provide stability to the skull structure.
Cranial sutures are fibrous joints that connect the bones of the skull, allowing for growth during childhood and providing a protective structure for the brain.
The foramen magnum is a large opening in the occipital bone that allows the spinal cord to connect with the brain, playing a critical role in the central nervous system.
The temporal bone houses the structures of the inner ear, including the cochlea and vestibular system, which are essential for hearing and balance.
The sphenoid bone forms part of the cranial cavity and serves as a keystone bone, connecting with many other bones of the skull and providing structural integrity.
The frontal bone has two main surfaces: the endocranial surface, which faces the brain, and the exocranial surface, which is the outer surface visible on the forehead.
The ethmoid bone features the cribriform plate, which contains olfactory foramina for the passage of olfactory nerves, and the perpendicular plate, which forms part of the nasal septum.
The palatine bones form the posterior part of the hard palate, separating the oral cavity from the nasal cavity and contributing to the structure of the mouth.
The maxilla forms the floor of the orbit and the lateral walls of the nasal cavity, playing a crucial role in the structure and function of the nasal passages.
Cranial bone fractures can lead to serious complications, including brain injury, hemorrhage, and infection, making understanding their anatomy crucial for medical professionals.
The bones of the skull encase the brain, providing a rigid protective structure that absorbs impact and shields the brain from external trauma.