Chapter 20 Healthcare Ethics

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    What are ethics?

    Rules of conduct that differentiate acceptable from unacceptable behavior.

    How do personal ethics differ from professional ethics?

    Personal ethics are individual codes of conduct; professional ethics are established by employers or associations.

    What is the principle of autonomy in healthcare?

    Patients have the right to make their own healthcare decisions.

    What does nonmaleficence mean?

    The obligation to do no harm to patients.

    What is beneficence?

    The moral obligation to act for the good of others.

    What does justice refer to in healthcare ethics?

    Treating patients fairly and providing appropriate care.

    What is the Hippocratic Oath?

    An ancient code of ethics for physicians emphasizing patient care and confidentiality.

    What are advance directives?

    Written instructions about healthcare decisions if a person cannot make them.

    What is the Patient Self-Determination Act?

    A law requiring healthcare institutions to inform patients of their rights regarding advance directives.

    What is euthanasia?

    The act of ending a person's life to relieve suffering.

    What is the difference between active and passive euthanasia?

    Active euthanasia involves direct action to end life; passive euthanasia involves withholding treatment.

    What is genetic engineering?

    Manipulation of genetic material to change hereditary traits.

    What are the ethical concerns surrounding genetic testing?

    Confidentiality, informed consent, and potential discrimination based on results.

    What is the role of bioethicists?

    They study the ethical implications of biomedical advances.

    What is the significance of the Belmont Report?

    It outlines ethical principles and guidelines for research involving human subjects.

    What is the Uniform Anatomical Gift Act?

    A law that facilitates organ and tissue donation.

    What is pharmacogenetics?

    The study of how genetic factors affect a person's response to medications.

    What is the purpose of the CEJA?

    To analyze ethical issues in healthcare and develop policies.

    What are the stages of grief according to Kübler-Ross?

    Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance.

    What is the role of medical assistants in ethical situations?

    To provide ethical, respectful care and adhere to professional ethics.

    What is the significance of informed consent in research?

    Participants must understand the purpose, risks, and benefits before agreeing to participate.